红砖在新奥尔良随处可见,从古老的砖砌街道到亡灵之城的砖砌坟墓。新奥尔良人发现红砖有各种神秘用途——它们是我们臭名昭著的巫毒女王玛丽·拉沃坟墓上标记三个十字标记的首选书写工具,它们被磨成粉末放在前门以驱邪。毫不奇怪,卡特里娜飓风过后,城市周围临时搭建的神殿也使用了红砖。
但这种做法从何而来?我们只能猜测;但事实上,自古以来,红赭石粘土就被用于药物和仪式。例如,埃及的埃伯斯纸莎草书 (Ebers Papyrus) 记载了红赭石粘土的药用价值,该书可追溯到公元前 1550 年左右 (Ferguson, 2006)。此外,32,000 至 10,000 年前,克罗马农艺术家使用赭石颜料绘制南欧史前洞穴壁画。
从欧洲旧石器时代的民族到美洲晚全新世的民族,世界各地的墓葬中都发现了红赭石粘土的残留物。人们使用红赭石涂料为新近去世的人涂上象征性的鲜血。例如,在德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿岛的 Caplen Mound 发现了一个人类墓地,那里有一个蛤壳,上面覆盖着一层薄薄的红赭石。这个贝壳是在坟墓里发现的,考古学家认为它是用来盛放尸体准备仪式中使用的颜料的容器(Campbell,1957 年)。
许多人认为,使用红砖粉的起源可以追溯到传统的非洲伊洛桑粉。伊洛桑粉是白蚁从紫檀 (Pterocarpus osun) 和紫檀 (Baphia nitida) 树木中产生的红色粉末。白蚁会吃掉木材外层的白色部分,而心材则会留下一种称为伊洛桑的红色粉末。伊洛桑粉在 Ifá 中用于占卜;占卜师会将其撒在占卜盘上,然后用粉末在盘上标记 Ifá 的图案 (Bascom, 1991)。
新奥尔良巫毒术中的红砖粉尘
许多著作都提到了使用红砖。例如,在《玛丽·拉沃的生活和作品》中,劳尔·卡尼萨雷斯 (2001) 谈到了奥尔良风格的防魔家居:
早在玛丽·拉沃时代之前,奥尔良人就坚信红砖粉尘具有驱邪避灾的魔力。只需找一块旧红砖,用锤子敲成粉末,然后用扫帚将粉末撒在房子前面即可。在前门后面放一盆用靛蓝蓝漆 (anil) 处理过的水,在房子的每扇门后面用卡斯卡里拉画十字。加入几滴儿童尿液,用该混合物作为地板清洁剂,这样就能让您的家完全防邪。(Canizares,2001 年,第 23 页)。
罗伯特·塔兰特(Robert Tallant,1984)对红砖粉尘也有一些看法,这并不奇怪。他在《新奥尔良的巫毒》一书中写道:
Zozo LaBrique 是新奥尔良街头的著名人物,她看起来有点精神错乱,靠贩卖一桶桶砖灰为生。据说,她被 Marie Laveau 娶走,因为后者想独自统治伏都教。新奥尔良的一些家庭主妇长期以来一直习惯用砖灰擦洗前门台阶,这一传统与伏都教有着明确的联系——洗去敌人放在房子上的不祥之兆。确实,现在很多人会告诉你,他们这样做只是为了清洁;然而,这才是它最初的意思,而且这座城市较贫穷地区的许多门廊都经过精心擦洗,呈白色,表明曾使用过砖灰。Zozo LaBrique 以每桶五美分的价格出售她的砖灰,据说她死后,有人在她那破旧的住处发现了一大笔钱。(Tallant,1984 年,第 47 页)。
使用红砖粉作为家中的第一道防线并不是新奥尔良伏都教使用红砖粉的唯一方式。例如,米洛·里戈 (Milo Rigaud) (2001) 在《伏都教的秘密》中描述了如何使用几种不同的面粉和各种粉末(玉米粉、灰烬、咖啡渣、砖粉、树皮粉和根粉)在地面上描绘出 vévé,而 vévé 本身则包含伏都教仪式期间祈求的各种神秘符号。
如何使用红砖粉
召唤一个人
要召唤一个人,请将红砖粉、一根魔鬼鞋带、9 颗海军豆和 9 根生锈的钉子装入瓶子中。顶部倒入白色闪电(月光),摇匀并念出几句精心挑选的话语,然后扔进下水道。这种魔法肯定会让人非常恶心。
让男人膨胀
为了让一个人变得自大,不让他自吹自擂,可以拿一块红砖,装上九根黑蜡烛,用生锈的钉子在上面刻上目标的名字。用龙血墨水在纸上写上同样的名字,然后正面朝下放在砖块上。用麻绳把纸牢牢地绑在砖块上。每天点一根蜡烛,持续九天。最后一支蜡烛烧完后,把砖块连同蜡烛残渣一起扔进运河或下水道。“就像砖块吸收水分一样,这个人也会变得自大”(赫斯顿,1935 年)。
消除邪恶
为了消除邪恶的行为,在被划伤的物体上撒一些红砖粉。
红砖地板清洗剂
用红砖粉做洗刷。清洗门窗以防敌人进入。
红砖灰尘蜡烛修复
在蜡烛中添加少许红砖粉以保护蜡烛。
红砖保佑出行平安
在汽车后备箱中放一块红砖,以保安全出行。
红砖防尘屏障
在窗户和门口使用红砖粉来阻挡敌人。
抖掉魔鬼粉
防止被人越界的粉末:将红砖粉和龙血碾碎,洒在家里。也可以将其添加到地板清洁剂中,并用于擦拭蜡烛和请愿书。
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*本文摘自本书 红砖粉尘:新奥尔良的传统魔法 丹尼斯·阿尔瓦拉多 (Denise Alvarado) 的《Curio》正在印刷中。
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